McCain na-anwale ngwakọta ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche maka ntụgharị na mpaghara nduku nke Canada

Ihe gbasara ahịhịa ala aghọọla isiokwu na-ewu ewu n'ime afọ gara aga. N'ime Ontario, a akụkọ sitere na mbubreyo 2016 gosiri ala organic okwu (SOM) etoju n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ógbè dị na 15-afọ lows, coinciding na-amụba mmasị na ojiji nke cover kụrụ, belata- ma ọ bụ na-enweghị-ruo. management na ogologo ntụgharị n'ime afọ atọ ruo ise gara aga.

Na Prince Edward Island (PEI), okwu nke obere ihe nrịbama mkpụrụ ndụ nke ala bụkwa ihe na-echegbu. N'oge 2018 International Potato Technology Expo na February gara aga, ahụike ala bụ otu n'ime isiokwu maka ngosi na mkparịta ụka, dị ka nchegbu n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ dịka ọ dị maka ndị na-akụ ihe.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-akụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'ihe dị ka pasenti 2.0 ruo 2.5, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ndị nọ na njedebe nke ụdịdị dị iche iche dị n'okpuru 1.0%. O zuru ezu na ndị na-ere ahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mkpụrụ na-agba ume iji ihe ọkụkụ kpuchie iji chebe ala aja na-acha uhie uhie na Island. Ụfọdụ na-adụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ọdụ ka ha jiri ọka, ọka wit ma ọ bụ peas mee ogologo ntụgharị ha.

One of the surprising sights at the 2018 Potato Expo was at the McCain booth, where attendees could view a slide presentation on the company’s introduction of a multi-species cover crop blend, with a bag of the seed mix on display.

Bryce Drummond, territory manager with McCain Fertilizer, a division of McCain Produce, notes the soil organic matter issue has been developing for decades but that it’s become more serious in the past 10 to 15 years. Prior to 2003, P.E.I. had a healthy livestock sector with beef cattle and hogs. When bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) hit Western Canada, it also affected the beef sector in the Maritimes and reduced the hog market in the region shortly thereafter.

Mgbe e nwere ngalaba anụ ụlọ, ihe ndị na-akụ nduku na-emekarị bụ nduku, ọka na ahịhịa ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe BSE kụchara, ọ dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụ enweghị ahịa maka anụ ehi ma ọ bụ maka ọka a na-enye ehi.

Bryce Drummond, territory manager with McCain Fatịlaịza:
 

"Ọnụ ahịa ọka dara n'ihi na enweghị ehi ha ga-eri nri, ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ na-achọkwa mkpụrụ ego, na soybean bụ nhọrọ kacha mma."

"Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akụ nduku na-aghọta na soybean adịghị adabara nke ọma na ntụgharị na ha etinyela uche na akụkụ nduku, yabụ na ha na-akụ poteto na ihe ọkụkụ."

Nchịkọta nke ụlọ ọrụ ụtụtụ Ihe dị mkpa n'ụbọchị ahụ n'otu email.

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N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, McCain has come up with two blends, a one-year (annual) and a two-year. The one-year features 13 species, including pearl millet, sorghum Sudan grass, spring oats, dwarf Essex rape, Austrian winter peas, fababeans, chickling vetch, balansa clover, buckwheat, sunflower, phacelia, Winter Hawk ryegrass and Ethiopian cabbage.

Ngwakọta afọ abụọ nwere ụdị 12, na millet pearl, ahịhịa sorghum Sudan, oat mmiri mmiri, peas oyi oyi nke Austria, fababeans, balansa clover na sunflower - niile kwa afọ. Ndị na-anwụ mgbe afọ mbụ na-ahapụ ihe ọkụkụ nke afọ nke abụọ nke Winter Hawk ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, clover na-acha uhie uhie abụọ na Timoti.

N'ihe gbasara oge ịkụ ihe ngwakọta ihe ọkụkụ, Drummond na-ekwu na a naghị atụ aro ịkụ ihe tupu June 15 (n'ọtụtụ afọ) na Island. Ahịhịa dị ka pearl millet na sorghum Sudan chọrọ okpomọkụ dị ọkụ ka ha wee too nke ọma, nke na-eme ka mmepụta biomass ọsọ ọsọ ma na-ebelata mkpokọta.

N'iburu n'uche na ụdị ala dị iche iche dị ole na ole na PEI - ọ bụ ọka aja aja na-acha ajari na, n'ezie, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na poteto - emepụtara ngwakọta abụọ a maka ala ndị ahụ yana poteto dị ka isi ihe ọkụkụ. A na-eji Alfalfa maka taproot ya na-agbaji n'ígwé ndị a chịkọtara ọnụ na ọ bụ legume na-enye nitrogen agbakwunyere. Sunflower na-emepụta exudates mgbọrọgwụ nke na-ewepụta zinc n'ime ala wee hapụ ya n'oge na-esote. Buckwheat na-eto na usoro mgbọrọgwụ dị mma, nke mara mma maka ịgba ígwè ala phosphorus, isi fatịlaịza na mmepụta nduku, ma na-abawanye nnweta ya na ihe ọkụkụ na-esote.

Drummond kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bidoro ngwakọta ụdịdị otu afọ na 2017, na-esochi ngwakọta afọ abụọ n'afọ a. Ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ gara n'ubi dị iche iche ebe ha kụrụ ngwakọta otu afọ, naanị ka ha hụ ihe mere ma ọ bụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.

Bryce Drummond:
 

"N'oge a n'afọ ọzọ, ejiri m n'aka na ngwakọta ahụ ga-adịtụ iche."

"Ọ dịghị otu ubi na-adị ka otu, ma dabere n'ihe ubi ahụ na-enweghị ma ọ bụ nwere ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, ubi ọ bụla anyị lere anya n'afọ gara aga dị nnọọ iche."

Nlekọta igbo na ọmụmụ

The learning curve isn’t as steep as some might think. Cover crops aren’t exactly a new idea in the region. Several years ago, growers planted mustard as a cover, with the belief that it provided control of wireworm (a different species than that found in Ontario). However, Drummond points out that the multi-species blends developed by McCain are not hosts for anything. Instead, the blends are designed to help build SOM.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, e nwere akụkụ ụfọdụ dị iche n'ụzọ bara uru. Njikwa ahihia na nduku dịgasị iche iche site na ọka, ọka wit na ntụgharị soybean, mana Drummond na-ekwu na nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị ụdị dịgasị iche iche na-enye nlekọta ahịhịa dị irè, bụ isi n'ihi na obere ihe nwere ike ịbanye n'ime akwa mkpuchi nke ihe ọkụkụ. Banyere fatịlaịza, ọ nweghịkwa iwu siri ike na ngwa ngwa.

Bryce Drummond

"Ihe anyị na-akwado ebe a bụ ichere ka ihe ọkụkụ pụta, wee gbasaa ihe dịka 30 lbs. nke ezigbo nitrogen, yabụ ị na-ele ihe dịka 100 lbs. Ammonium nitrate calcitic.

"Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ahọrọ ịghara iji fatịlaịza ma hụ ihe dị mma."

Ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ ọzọ na nsonye sunflower, buckwheat na peas. Sunflower na-ekekọta ma wepụta nri n'oge na-esote, buckwheat bụ ihe na-ekpochapụ ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, na peas na-enye N na ihe ọkụkụ na-esote.

Ọgba aghara oge na-agbagha mmepụta ọka n'àgwàetiti ahụ, ebe ndị ọrụ ubi na-arụsi ọrụ ike na poteto mgbe ọka chọrọ nlebara anya. (Site n'ikike Andrew Van Wiechen, Phillips Agri Services)

Nhọrọ akuku ndị ọzọ

Na 2008 International Potato Technology Expo, Pioneer Hi-Bred (dị ka a maara n'oge ahụ), kwadoro ụlọ ntu ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwalite ọka, soybean na ọka wit oyi dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-atụgharị maka poteto.

Soybean bụ ọkacha mmasị n'oge ahụ, n'ihi na ọ dị mfe n'ịkụ ihe (ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ na-atụgharị ọka na poteto ha, ya mere ha ga-enwe mgbatị mkpụrụ). A na-ahụta na ọ dị mfe ijikwa, na n'ụbọchị mgbe ngalaba hog Island kwụsiri ike, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike ịsa soybean maka nri, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ndị na-ebuli elu mpaghara na-ebufe ọtụtụ n'ime mmepụta ahụ.

Ka ọ na-erule ná mmalite afọ 2010, e nwere ihe àmà na-egosi na mmụba nke soybean na-emepụta, nanị dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma ọ bịara pụta ìhè ngwa ngwa na soy bean na-etinye ntakịrị ihe na ala n'ihe gbasara ihe fọdụrụnụ, ha na-erikwa nnukwu potash.

Na 2018 Potato Expo, Andrew Van Wiechen nọ n'ụlọ ntu DuPont Pioneer, ọ bụkwa ọka ka a tụlere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ihe fọdụrụ ya na mmetụta nke nwere ike inwe na ihe ndị dị n'ala ala ogologo oge.

Ọ bụ iji nwayọọ na-arị elu maka mmepụta ọka na Island. Maka mmalite, ọ bụghị nnukwu ahịa zuru oke iji kwalite mmepe ngwakọ akọwapụtara. Mana itinye ego maka akụrụngwa dịkwa oke elu yana enwere ọtụtụ mmetụta metụtara ihu igwe nke a ga-atụlerịrị. N'agbanyeghi ikike nke fọduru ya, enwerekwa ajụjụ nke kedu ihe onye na-akụ mkpụrụ na-eji ọka juputara na-eme?

Ihe niile na-agbadata otu isi elekwasị anya na PEI: poteto.

Andrew Van Wiechen, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Phillips Agri Services na Charlottetown:

"Ị ghaghị ịghọta ọrụ ha na-arụ, ebe ha na-egwu poteto n'ọnwa Ọktọba ma ọ bụ ọrụ na-akpata nrụgide, ọ chọrọ nkọwa zuru ezu n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-emebi emebi."

“Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ịgbalị ịchịkọta owuwe ihe ubi adịghị amasị ọtụtụ ndị. Mana ihe ọzọ anyị na-ahụ bụ onye na-akụ ọka nke a ga-eji igwe nkụ na igwe agwakọta na onye na-akụ ihe ga-akụ ihe ubi ahụ.”

Igwe nkụ dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọka na Island. Ọ bụ ezie na PEI na-enwe ihu igwe na-adịghị mma, mgbede okpomọkụ ya dịtụ mma, na-amanye ihe ọkụkụ 'ịgbalite' n'echi ya. Ejikọtara ya na ntu oyi na-esote n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ọ pụtara na ihe ọkụkụ ahụ ga-eru oyi akwa ojii ma tozuo oke, mana ọ na-abụkarị n'ogo mmiri dị elu dịka pasent 30. Nke ahụ bụ ihe Van Wiechen kwuru na ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ ga-anabatarịrị ka ha wee too ọka na PEI

Andrew Van Wiechen, ndị ọrụ Phillips Agri

"Ọ bụghị ihe na-atọ ụtọ ịnwa itinye nke ahụ site na igwe nkụ, nke ahụ na-atụkwa ọtụtụ mmadụ ụjọ."

"Ụdị ọdịda a gara aga dị mma ka ị ga-enweta, ọka na-abata na pasent 25, ị nwere ike ime ya. Ma nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ebe nkwụsị. "

Nke ahụ na-agbakwunye naanị ihe ịma aka nke imepụta ọka na mpaghara ahụ. Na ngalaba na-eto nduku nke New Brunswick (n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Fredericton - dị n'etiti Woodstock na Grand Falls), ihe kachasị egwu maka ụdị ọka ọka bụ mmalite ntu oyi. Na Ndagwurugwu Annapolis nke Nova Scotia, okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-enye ọnọdụ dị mma maka ngwakọ tozuru oke.

West aga East

Otu omume na-erite uru maka mmepụta ọka Maritimes bụ ọrụ ọmụmụ a na-eme maka Western Canada. Ngwakọ oge dị mkpirikpi na-arụ ọrụ maka West na-emeghekwa ohere maka ndị na-akụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Maka iji njedebe, nhọrọ maka ọka gụnyere ịkwọ ụgbọ ala na Moncton ma ọ bụ ndagwurugwu Annapolis. N'ikpeazụ, ọnụ ahịa nke ịkwọ ụgbọala bụ naanị ihe a na-ahụ anya dị ka akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ.

Andrew Van Wiechen:

"Ụfọdụ n'ime ọka anyị dị ntakịrị ntakịrị arọ, mana nke ahụ na-agbanwe site na ngwakọ ọhụrụ ndị a n'ihi na ha na-eto eto na mbụ ma na-akpọnwụ n'ubi, na-enwetakwa ihe dị arọ nke bushel."

Maka ọka, enwere itinye ego, njikwa oge oge na ịmụtakwu banyere ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ịma aka na uru ya - dị ka ihe ọkụkụ.

N'agbanyeghị usoro a, Otú ọ dị, na ma ọ dabeere na mkpuchi ihe ubi ma ọ bụ ọka, agha replenish ala organic okwu etoju agaghị aga n'oge ọ bụla.

Dị ka onye ọ bụla nọ na Island maara ugbu a, ọ na-ewe oge.