Gha mkpụrụ osisi ahịhịa n'ime ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike belata nje virus na-ebu aphid ma nye ihe ọzọ iji belata ọgwụ ahụhụ maka ndị na-akụ nri. Na Scotland, a na-anwale ọnwụnwa iji chọpụta ịdị irè nke ifuru ifuru na tramlines na isi obodo iji kwalite ndị na-eri anụ iji belata pests dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
Eric Anderson, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo na nduku na Scottish Agronomy, na-eduzi ọnwụnwa ahụ na onye otu Scottish Agronomy poteto Jim Reid na Milton nke Mathers Farm. Jim bụ onye ọrụ ugbo AHDB Strategic Potato (SPoT) ugbu a na, yana AHDB, Eric, na Colin Herron na Colin Ross si McCain Poteto, na-elele usoro dị iche iche ga-adigide dị ka akụkụ nke afọ anọ ọrụ ugbo SPoT.
Jim, onye na-eto hectare 80 nke mkpụrụ poteto, kwuru, sị:
“Azụmaahịa nke mkpụrụ osisi Scottish na-adabere na aha ọma maka ahụike virus, yana nrụgide nke nnweta ọgwụ ahụhụ, ma ọ bụ site na iwu ma ọ bụ nkwụsi ike ka ukwuu na aphids. Ọ dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla ileba anya otu anyị nwere ike isi jiri bayoloji na kemịkal ezubere iche iji gbochie ọrịa opekata mpe. Enweghi uzo zuru oke nke IPM nke jikotara ma ihe eji eme omenala na nke oge a. Site na ọnwụnwa ndị a, anyị na-enyocha ọrụ nke usoro ndu, ihe ọmụmụ na usoro evolushọn yana otu anyị nwere ike isi chee echiche banyere njikwa na ngwa ahịa na azụmaahịa. ”
Nje virus nwere na mkpụrụ osisi poteto nke afọ 2019 kụrụ afọ 20 dị elu na nyocha nke oge a na-enye echiche yiri nke a maka afọ 2020. Onye mere ihe ọjọọ bụ Potyvirus, PVY, nke bụ PVYN nje, ma PLRV amụbawo ma ọ bụ site na ala dị ala. PVYn na-ebute nchegbu kachasị ukwuu, dị ka Eric si kwuo, na ndị na-achịkwa na-enyocha ọgwụ ahụhụ pyrethroid. Ọzọkwa, o yikarịrị ka iji pyrethroids zuru ebe niile na-aga n'ihu na-ahọrọ ịhọrọ ihe egwu maka iguzogide pyrethroid ma ọ bụ gbanwee uche na ọnụego ubi na aphids ndị na-abụghị ndị na-achị. Enwekwara nrụgide na-arị elu site na ndị na-ere ahịa maka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-akwalite ụdị dị iche iche ma belata ojiji kemịkal.
Site na nyocha nke Rothamsted site na nyocha nke ichota okooko osisi n'ime ugbo karọt na site na oru Matthias Tschumi na Switzerland na mmekorita ndi ozo maka nduku, Eric achoputala umu di iche iche dika ahihia ahihia, ahihia ahihia na yarrow dika ndi bara uru nke na adọta ndi iro nke aphids. Ndị a bụ obere osisi na-eto eto na-atụle otu ịdị elu dị ka ihe ọkụkụ nduku.
Na Milton nke Mathers, 3m n'obosara nke ngwakọta a agbapụwo n’etiti tram, na -emepụta ihe oriri na ifuru ebe obibi nke ebe obibi na-adọrọ mmasị na hoverflies, lacewings na ladybirds. Eric kwukwara, sị:
“Nke a ga - eme ka corridor dị nso na ihe ubi ahụ, na - eme ka biodi dị iche iche na - abawanye site na usoro monoculture na ntụkwasị obi ya nke njikwa kemịkalụ ma mepụta mmetụta ka ukwuu dị ka ndị na - eri anụ dị nso na ụmụ ahụhụ. Anyị ka na-anụcha, iji chọpụta ma ụdị a ghara na ụbọchị ịgha mkpụrụ nwere mmetụta na uru nke ibe yana ma ọ na-akwado ụdị ndị iro okike dị mkpa iji chịkwaa pests nduku na iji nyefee ha na ihe ọkụkụ mgbe ọ dị mkpa.
“Ọ dịwo anya a chọpụtara na aphids nwere mmasị dị mma na-egosipụta site na ala nke akwa na-enweghị oghere na osisi ndị agbata obi dị iche. Sgha mkpụrụ osisi na-agwakọta ma ọ bụ na-agbasa ahịhịa ahịhịa n'ime akwa ndị a bụ usoro mgbochi dị mkpa maka ọgbọ mbụ - FG2 na FG3 - ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị oke oke nke nkewa n'etiti ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi.
Irè nke ibe na boosting pesti akara ike na-adabere na ha botanical mejupụtara. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe ọkụkụ nke emere maka nnụnụ ma ọ bụ nchekwa pollin anaghị eme ka ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa ndu nweta akụ. Nchoputa Tschumi gosiri na n'ime ndi iro ato a, hoverflies na-abawanye nke ukwuu na ibe ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere nduku gbara ya gburugburu, ebe onu ogugu umuaka na ndi nnụnụ bilikwara nke ọma. Eric dọrọ aka na ntị na enwere oge lagara ruo mgbe ndị iro nkịtị nwere oge iji wuo ọnụọgụ, yabụ iji IPM were ma ọdịdị na kemịkalụ dị ka mmanụ ịnweta ga-adị mkpa.
Dịka akụkụ nke ugbo AHDB's SPoT, nyocha ndị ọzọ na Milton nke Mathers gụnyere ile anya na ikpochapu ha na-eji ma kemịkalụ na njikwa njikwa; yana njikwa PCN na-adigide. Site na ụdị ala dị iche iche, a na-akụ mkpụrụ akụ nduku na nchikota ala nwere ụgwọ ụlọ na-achọ ntụgharị afọ asaa na asatọ. Ndị ọzọ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na nyocha anụ ọhịa gụnyere Alan Johnson na Kings (Frontier) onye wetara mkpụrụ na Milton nke Mathers, yana ọrụ yiri ya nke Kingdom Farming na-arụ, na nso Glenrothes, Fife, na David Parish si Game na Wildlife Conservation Trust ( GWCT).